Controller

Reference:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUGbX3K5i-k

To add a new page in Magento 2, you need to create a new controller. In Magento 2, a controller is a file located at a specific place which responds to a specific route. A route in Magento 2 is a standard URL that consists of three parts:

• frontName

• controllerName

• actionName

We’ll look at how those three parts of a route correspond to a certain file.

So the steps we need to take to add a new page are:

1. Create a new module.

2. Add a routes.xml file.

3. Add a controller (action) file.

To create a module, you need to complete the following high-level steps:

1. Create the module folder.

2. Create the etc/module.xml file.

3. Create the registration.php file.

4. Run the “bin/magento setup:upgrade” script to install the new module.

5. Check that the module is working.

Let’s go through each step.

Create a new module¶

We will create a new module called Magestore_HelloPage

Now create two files:

registration.php

module.xml

Add a routes.xml file

Before we create the file, let’s take a brief look at how routing works in Magento 2. Each area (in our case, frontend and adminhtml) has a corresponding merged routes.xml file, which is merged from the etc/<area>/routes.xml file from every module. That routes.xml file contains information about all registered routes and frontNames. Recall that a frontName is the first part of a route.

So, we should register it in the routes.xml file and associate it with a module. It is possible to have multiple modules associated with one route, so we can create pages under the catalog frontName.

Now, since we’re working in the frontend area, we’ll add the etc/frontend/routes.xml file for our Magestore_HelloPage module:

We added a new route here called “learning” (note it does not have to match the module name) and a new frontName. Often the route and frontName are the same – for example, “catalog” – but it is not required. When Magento 2 sees a URL like test/chunk2/chunk3, it will check whether our module Magestore_HelloPage has a folder, Controller/Chunk2, and an action file, Chunk3.php.

Our route will be test/page/view.

Add a controller (action) file

Let’s add the controller now.

Let’s create an action file Controller/Page/View.php:

Note we created a JSON-type page. This can be seen in the results factory that we specify in our constructor. In order to activate our module and our page we should run the Magento setup upgrade:

Now we need to verify that Magestore_HelloPage is present in the output. If you examine the /test/page/view page, you should see the message:

This is because we returned a ResultJson object. Magento 2 has different result objects for different cases – ResultPage for a regular page, Forward result, and so on.

We used a JSON result here because the goal was to illustrate how to create a new page, not to dig into the view layer, which would require activation to use the Page result object.

Exercise:

• Create a controller to handle [domain]/process/addProduct to add 1 simple product to cart (suppose product has enough qty and can add to cart - no need to validate) and redirect to checkout cart

• Create a controller [domain]/process/clearCart to clear cart and redirect to checkout cart